Sunday, June 29, 2025

Heat Pump Water-Side Bypass System - Design Guide


Heat Pump Water-Side Bypass System - Design Guide


IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER

This document provides conceptual design guidance and should NOT be used for construction without professional engineering review and approval. All specifications, calculations, and recommendations must be verified by a licensed mechanical and electrical engineer familiar with your specific installation.

Executive Summary

This document provides sample design specifications and programming details for implementing a water-side bypass system for condominium heat pump units connected to a central condenser water loop. The system enables automatic bypass of individual heat pump condensers based on apartment temperature requirements, potentially reducing energy consumption while maintaining proper water circulation throughout the building.

CRITICAL ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS:

  • Licensed mechanical engineer must perform hydraulic analysis

  • Heat pump manufacturer approval required for condenser modifications

  • Local code compliance verification mandatory

  • Professional commissioning and balancing required

 

Table of Contents

  1. System Overview

  2. Engineering Considerations

  3. Technical Components

  4. Installation Requirements

  5. Complete Control Programming

  6. System Benefits and Performance

  7. Maintenance and Service

  8. Cost Considerations

  9. Code Compliance and Permits

  10. Professional Requirements

System Overview

Current Configuration

  • Individual heat pump units in each apartment

  • Central condenser water loop serving all units

  • Association-provided condenser water circulation

  • Individual apartment temperature control

Proposed Bypass System Concept

The water-side bypass system would redirect condenser water around individual heat pump condensers when cooling is not required, while maintaining continuous circulation through the main building loop.

⚠️ ENGINEERING VERIFICATION REQUIRED:

  • Hydraulic compatibility with existing system

  • Impact on building-wide flow balance

  • Heat pump manufacturer warranty implications

  • Integration with existing controls

Engineering Considerations

1. Hydraulic Analysis Requirements

MUST BE PERFORMED BY LICENSED ENGINEER:

Flow Calculations:

  • Existing condenser water flow rates for each unit

  • Pressure drop analysis through heat pump condensers vs. bypass lines

  • Building loop pressure and flow balance verification

  • Pump capacity and head requirements with bypass operation

  • Potential for cavitation or flow reversal conditions

System Interactions:

  • Effect on other units when individual bypasses activate

  • Building loop pressure stability during transition periods

  • Minimum flow requirements for central circulation pumps

  • Thermal expansion and contraction effects

2. Heat Pump Compatibility

MANUFACTURER APPROVAL REQUIRED:

  • Condenser water flow modification acceptance

  • Warranty impact assessment

  • Minimum flow requirements for proper operation

  • Control interface compatibility

  • Service access implications

3. Building System Integration

PROFESSIONAL ASSESSMENT NEEDED:

  • Existing building automation system compatibility

  • Electrical system capacity for additional controls

  • Structural requirements for new piping and equipment

  • Fire safety system interactions

  • Accessibility code compliance

Technical Components

1. Three-Way Motorized Valves

⚠️ SIZING MUST BE VERIFIED BY ENGINEER

Primary Bypass Valves (Supply Side) - CONCEPTUAL SPECIFICATIONS:

  • Type: Motorized three-way mixing/diverting valves

  • Size: TO BE DETERMINED based on actual flow calculations

  • Actuation: 24VAC or 120VAC electric actuator with 90-second stroke time

  • Cv Rating: TO BE CALCULATED based on system requirements

  • Materials: Bronze or stainless steel body for condenser water service

  • End Connections: Match existing piping configuration

  • Pressure Rating: Match or exceed existing system pressure

Secondary Bypass Valves (Return Side) - CONCEPTUAL:

  • Type: Motorized three-way mixing valves

  • Purpose: Ensure proper flow balance and prevent deadheading

  • Specifications: TO BE MATCHED TO SUPPLY VALVE SIZING

  • Control: Synchronized operation with supply valve

CRITICAL ENGINEERING NOTES:

  • Valve sizing requires detailed Cv calculations

  • Pressure drop analysis essential for proper selection

  • Flow characteristics must match system requirements

  • Actuator torque requirements based on system pressures

2. Flow Control and Balancing

⚠️ REQUIRES PROFESSIONAL HYDRAULIC DESIGN

Bypass Line Components - CONCEPTUAL:

  • Pipe Size: TO BE DETERMINED by flow calculations

  • Flow Control Valve: Manual balancing valve in bypass line

  • Pressure Relief: Bypass line pressure relief valve SET BY ENGINEER

  • Insulation: Match existing condenser water piping specification

  • Expansion Joints: As required by thermal analysis

Flow Measurement - VERIFICATION REQUIRED:

  • Flow Meters: Ultrasonic or electromagnetic type

  • Accuracy: ±2% of reading minimum

  • Digital Output: 4-20mA signal for building automation integration

  • Installation: Per manufacturer requirements with proper straight runs

3. Control System Architecture

PROFESSIONAL PROGRAMMING REQUIRED

Individual Unit Controllers - CONCEPTUAL SPECIFICATIONS:

  • Type: Programmable logic controller (PLC) or smart relay

  • Processing Power: 32-bit processor with 1MB memory minimum

  • Operating Temperature: 32°F to 122°F

  • Humidity Rating: 5% to 95% non-condensing

  • Power Supply: 120VAC, 60Hz with backup capabilities

Input Requirements:

  • Room temperature sensor (4-20mA or RTD)

  • Existing thermostat interface signals

  • Flow measurement signals

  • Valve position feedback

  • Manual override switches

  • System status indicators

Output Requirements:

  • Valve actuator control (24VAC)

  • Status indication (LED/LCD display)

  • Alarm relay outputs

  • Communication interface to building system

Temperature Sensors - ACCURACY CRITICAL:

  • Type: RTD (PT100/PT1000) or precision thermistor

  • Accuracy: ±0.5°F over operating range

  • Response Time: 30 seconds maximum in still air

  • Signal Conditioning: 4-20mA transmitter output

  • Calibration: Annual calibration required

4. Electrical and Control Infrastructure

⚠️ ELECTRICAL ENGINEER REVIEW REQUIRED

Power Requirements - ESTIMATED:

  • Valve Actuators: 24VAC, 5VA typical per actuator

  • Controllers: 120VAC, 15W typical per unit

  • Sensors: 24VDC, 4-20mA loop powered

  • Total Load: TO BE CALCULATED for building electrical capacity

Control Wiring - CODE COMPLIANCE REQUIRED:

  • Low Voltage: 18 AWG, 2-conductor shielded cable

  • Control Power: 16 AWG, 2-conductor minimum

  • Communication: Cat5e/Cat6 for digital networks

  • Conduit: EMT or flexible conduit per local electrical code

  • Grounding: Proper grounding and bonding per NEC requirements

Installation Requirements

1. Piping Modifications

⚠️ LICENSED PLUMBER/PIPEFITTER REQUIRED

Bypass Piping Installation - GENERAL GUIDANCE:

  1. Location: Install connections as close to heat pump as practical

  2. Pipe Routing: Direct bypass avoiding heat pump condenser

  3. Support: Pipe hangers per SMACNA or local code requirements

  4. Isolation: Install isolation valves for maintenance access

  5. Drainage: Low point drains for system maintenance

  6. Pressure Testing: Test per local plumbing code requirements

Valve Installation - CRITICAL REQUIREMENTS:

  1. Orientation: Follow manufacturer specifications exactly

  2. Clearances: Maintain required clearances for actuator operation

  3. Support: Independent support for valve weight

  4. Accessibility: Provide access for maintenance and service

  5. Insulation: Insulate valve bodies to prevent condensation

2. Control System Installation

⚠️ LICENSED ELECTRICIAN REQUIRED

Controller Mounting - CODE COMPLIANCE:

  • Enclosure: NEMA 1 minimum for indoor installation

  • Working Space: Maintain NEC required clearances

  • Ventilation: Adequate ventilation per manufacturer requirements

  • Grounding: Proper equipment grounding per NEC

  • Labeling: Clear identification of all circuits and equipment

Sensor Installation - ACCURACY CRITICAL:

  • Location: Representative temperature measurement point

  • Protection: Avoid direct sunlight, drafts, heat sources

  • Wiring: Separate conduit from power wiring

  • Shielding: Proper shield grounding for interference prevention

  • Calibration: Initial calibration and verification required

Complete Control Programming

1. Programming Architecture

⚠️ PROFESSIONAL PROGRAMMER REQUIRED - CONCEPTUAL LOGIC ONLY

System Variables and Data Types:

// System Status Variables - EXAMPLES ONLY

BOOL SystemFault = FALSE

BOOL ManualOverride = FALSE

BOOL SystemStartup = TRUE

BOOL BypassEnabled = FALSE

BOOL CoolingCall = FALSE

BOOL FanCall = FALSE

 

// Analog Variables - TYPICAL VALUES

REAL RoomTemp = 0.0          // °F

REAL FilteredTemp = 0.0      // °F, filtered

REAL CoolingSetpoint = 75.0  // °F - ADJUSTABLE

REAL ValvePosition = 0.0     // 0-100%

REAL FlowRate = 0.0          // GPM

REAL CoolingDeadband = 2.0   // °F - TO BE OPTIMIZED

 

// Timer Variables - TYPICAL VALUES

DINT SystemStartupTimer = 0   // seconds

DINT StateTimer = 0          // seconds

DINT TransitionTimer = 0     // seconds

DINT FlowAlarmTimer = 0      // seconds

DINT PositionFaultTimer = 0  // seconds

 

// System Constants - MUST BE FIELD DETERMINED

REAL NominalFlow = 10.0      // GPM - ACTUAL VALUE REQUIRED

REAL MinimumFlow = 5.0       // GPM - ENGINEER TO DETERMINE

REAL RampRate = 1.0          // %/second - OPTIMIZE DURING COMMISSIONING

DINT MinimumRuntime = 600    // seconds - ADJUSTABLE

 

State Machine Definitions - CONCEPTUAL:

// Primary Control States - EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION

ENUM SystemState:

  STARTUP = 0

  NORMAL_COOLING = 1

  BYPASS_COOLING = 2

  TRANSITION_TO_BYPASS = 3

  TRANSITION_TO_NORMAL = 4

  FAULT = 5

  MANUAL_OVERRIDE = 6

 

// Current state tracking

SystemState CurrentState = STARTUP

SystemState PreviousState = STARTUP

 

2. Main Control Logic

⚠️ CONCEPTUAL PSEUDOCODE - PROFESSIONAL IMPLEMENTATION REQUIRED

Input Processing and Conditioning:

// Temperature Input Processing - EXAMPLE ONLY

RawTempReading = AnalogInput(TempSensorChannel)

// CALIBRATION VALUES MUST BE FIELD DETERMINED

RoomTemp = (RawTempReading * TempScale) + TempOffset

 

// Low-pass filter for temperature stability

// FILTER CONSTANT TO BE OPTIMIZED

FilteredTemp = (FilteredTemp * 0.9) + (RoomTemp * 0.1)

 

// Thermostat Interface - SYSTEM SPECIFIC

CoolingCall = DigitalInput(ThermostatY1)

FanCall = DigitalInput(ThermostatG)

CoolingSetpoint = AnalogInput(SetpointInput)

 

// Flow Measurement - CALIBRATION REQUIRED

FlowRate = AnalogInput(FlowMeterChannel) * FlowScale

 

// Valve Position Feedback - SYSTEM SPECIFIC

ValvePositionFeedback = AnalogInput(ValvePositionChannel)

 

// Manual Override

ManualOverride = DigitalInput(OverrideSwitch)

 

Primary State Machine - CONCEPTUAL LOGIC:

// Main state machine execution - EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION

FUNCTION StateController():

  

  // Increment timers

  SystemStartupTimer += 1

  StateTimer += 1

  

  // Check for manual override

  IF ManualOverride = TRUE THEN

    CurrentState = MANUAL_OVERRIDE

    RETURN

  END_IF

  

  // Check for system faults

  IF SystemFault = TRUE THEN

    CurrentState = FAULT

    RETURN

  END_IF

  

  // Startup sequence - TIME TO BE OPTIMIZED

  IF SystemStartupTimer < 30 THEN

    CurrentState = STARTUP

    RETURN

  END_IF

  

  // Normal state machine logic - PARAMETERS TO BE TUNED

  CASE CurrentState:

    

    STARTUP:

      IF SystemStartupTimer >= 30 THEN

        CurrentState = NORMAL_COOLING

        StateTimer = 0

      END_IF

    

    NORMAL_COOLING:

      // DEADBAND VALUES TO BE FIELD OPTIMIZED

      IF FilteredTemp < (CoolingSetpoint - CoolingDeadband) AND

         StateTimer >= MinimumRuntime THEN

        CurrentState = TRANSITION_TO_BYPASS

        TransitionTimer = 0

        StateTimer = 0

      END_IF

    

    BYPASS_COOLING:

      // TRIGGER POINTS TO BE OPTIMIZED

      IF FilteredTemp > (CoolingSetpoint + 1.0) AND

         StateTimer >= MinimumRuntime THEN

        CurrentState = TRANSITION_TO_NORMAL

        TransitionTimer = 0

        StateTimer = 0

      END_IF

    

    TRANSITION_TO_BYPASS:

      TransitionTimer += 1

      // TRANSITION TIME TO BE OPTIMIZED

      IF TransitionTimer >= 300 THEN  // 5 minutes maximum

        CurrentState = BYPASS_COOLING

        StateTimer = 0

      END_IF

    

    TRANSITION_TO_NORMAL:

      TransitionTimer += 1

      IF TransitionTimer >= 300 THEN

        CurrentState = NORMAL_COOLING

        StateTimer = 0

      END_IF

    

    FAULT:

      // Remain in fault state until manual reset

      IF FaultReset = TRUE THEN

        SystemFault = FALSE

        CurrentState = STARTUP

        SystemStartupTimer = 0

      END_IF

    

    MANUAL_OVERRIDE:

      IF ManualOverride = FALSE THEN

        CurrentState = NORMAL_COOLING

        StateTimer = 0

      END_IF

  

  END_CASE

  

  // State change logging

  IF CurrentState != PreviousState THEN

    LogStateChange(PreviousState, CurrentState)

    PreviousState = CurrentState

  END_IF

 

END_FUNCTION

 

Valve Control Algorithm - CONCEPTUAL:

FUNCTION ValveController():

  

  // Calculate target valve position

  CASE CurrentState:

    

    STARTUP, NORMAL_COOLING:

      TargetPosition = 0.0    // Full flow through heat pump

    

    BYPASS_COOLING:

      TargetPosition = 100.0  // Full bypass

    

    TRANSITION_TO_BYPASS:

      TargetPosition = (TransitionTimer / 300.0) * 100.0

    

    TRANSITION_TO_NORMAL:

      TargetPosition = 100.0 - ((TransitionTimer / 300.0) * 100.0)

    

    MANUAL_OVERRIDE:

      TargetPosition = ManualPositionSetting

    

    FAULT:

      TargetPosition = 0.0    // Fail-safe to normal cooling

  

  END_CASE

  

  // Smooth valve positioning with ramping

  // RAMP RATE TO BE OPTIMIZED TO PREVENT WATER HAMMER

  PositionError = TargetPosition - ValvePosition

  

  IF ABS(PositionError) > 2.0 THEN

    IF PositionError > 0 THEN

      ValvePosition += RampRate

      IF ValvePosition > TargetPosition THEN

        ValvePosition = TargetPosition

      END_IF

    ELSE

      ValvePosition -= RampRate

      IF ValvePosition < TargetPosition THEN

        ValvePosition = TargetPosition

      END_IF

    END_IF

  ELSE

    ValvePosition = TargetPosition

  END_IF

  

  // Output valve command

  AnalogOutput(ValveCommandChannel, ValvePosition)

  

END_FUNCTION

 

3. Safety and Fault Detection

⚠️ SAFETY CRITICAL - PROFESSIONAL REVIEW REQUIRED

Comprehensive Fault Detection - CONCEPTUAL:

FUNCTION FaultDetection():

  

  SystemFault = FALSE

  FaultCode = ""

  

  // Temperature sensor fault detection

  // LIMITS TO BE DETERMINED BY SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

  IF RawTempReading < -50.0 OR RawTempReading > 200.0 THEN

    SystemFault = TRUE

    FaultCode = "TEMP_SENSOR_FAULT"

    RETURN

  END_IF

  

  // Valve position fault detection

  // TOLERANCES TO BE FIELD DETERMINED

  IF ABS(ValvePosition - ValvePositionFeedback) > 10.0 THEN

    PositionFaultTimer += 1

    IF PositionFaultTimer > 120 THEN  // TIME TO BE OPTIMIZED

      SystemFault = TRUE

      FaultCode = "VALVE_POSITION_FAULT"

      RETURN

    END_IF

  ELSE

    PositionFaultTimer = 0

  END_IF

  

  // Flow fault detection

  // MINIMUM FLOW TO BE DETERMINED BY ENGINEER

  IF FlowRate < MinimumFlow AND CurrentState != STARTUP THEN

    FlowAlarmTimer += 1

    IF FlowAlarmTimer > 60 THEN  // DELAY TO BE OPTIMIZED

      SystemFault = TRUE

      FaultCode = "LOW_FLOW_FAULT"

      RETURN

    END_IF

  ELSE

    FlowAlarmTimer = 0

  END_IF

  

  // Communication timeout fault

  // TIMEOUT VALUES TO BE SYSTEM SPECIFIC

  IF CommunicationTimeout > 300 THEN

    SystemFault = TRUE

    FaultCode = "COMMUNICATION_FAULT"

    RETURN

  END_IF

  

END_FUNCTION

 

Backup Control Logic - SAFETY CRITICAL:

FUNCTION BackupControl():

  

  // Backup control when temperature sensor fails

  IF FaultCode = "TEMP_SENSOR_FAULT" THEN

    

    // Use thermostat calls as backup indication

    // LOGIC TO BE VERIFIED WITH THERMOSTAT INTERFACE

    IF CoolingCall = TRUE THEN

      CurrentState = NORMAL_COOLING

      BypassEnabled = FALSE

    ELSE

      CurrentState = BYPASS_COOLING

      BypassEnabled = TRUE

    END_IF

    

  END_IF

  

  // Emergency bypass on critical faults

  IF FaultCode = "VALVE_POSITION_FAULT" OR

     FaultCode = "LOW_FLOW_FAULT" THEN

    

    ValvePosition = 0.0  // Fail-safe to normal cooling position

    BypassEnabled = FALSE

    

  END_IF

  

END_FUNCTION

 

4. Advanced Control Features

⚠️ CONCEPTUAL FEATURES - OPTIMIZATION REQUIRED

Adaptive Control Algorithm - EXAMPLE:

// Historical data structure - CONCEPTUAL

STRUCT HistoricalRecord:

  DINT Timestamp

  REAL RoomTemp

  REAL OutdoorTemp

  REAL ValvePosition

  REAL EnergyUsage

  SystemState State

END_STRUCT

 

// DATA STORAGE CAPACITY TO BE DETERMINED

ARRAY[0..1440] OF HistoricalRecord DailyHistory

 

FUNCTION AdaptiveControl():

  

  // Record current data

  DailyHistory[CurrentMinute].Timestamp = SystemTime

  DailyHistory[CurrentMinute].RoomTemp = FilteredTemp

  DailyHistory[CurrentMinute].ValvePosition = ValvePosition

  DailyHistory[CurrentMinute].State = CurrentState

  

  // Weekly analysis for deadband optimization

  // ANALYSIS ALGORITHM TO BE DEVELOPED

  IF DayOfWeek = SUNDAY AND Hour = 0 AND Minute = 0 THEN

    OptimalDeadband = AnalyzeWeeklyPerformance()

    

    // LIMITS TO BE FIELD DETERMINED

    IF OptimalDeadband >= 1.0 AND OptimalDeadband <= 4.0 THEN

      CoolingDeadband = OptimalDeadband

    END_IF

  END_IF

  

  // Seasonal adjustments - VALUES TO BE OPTIMIZED

  CASE MonthOfYear:

    6, 7, 8:  // Summer months

      CoolingDeadband = CoolingDeadband * 0.8

    12, 1, 2:  // Winter months

      CoolingDeadband = CoolingDeadband * 1.2

    DEFAULT:

      // Spring/Fall - no adjustment

  END_CASE

  

END_FUNCTION

 

Predictive Control - CONCEPTUAL:

FUNCTION PredictiveControl():

  

  // Calculate temperature trend

  // TREND CALCULATION TO BE OPTIMIZED

  TempTrend = (FilteredTemp - TempHistory10MinAgo) / 10.0

  PredictedTemp = FilteredTemp + (TempTrend * 30.0)

  

  // Preemptive state changes

  // PREDICTION PARAMETERS TO BE TUNED

  IF CurrentState = BYPASS_COOLING AND

     PredictedTemp > (CoolingSetpoint + 0.5) THEN

    

    EarlyTransitionFlag = TRUE

    TransitionAdvanceTime = 300  // TIME TO BE OPTIMIZED

    

  END_IF

  

  // Load prediction based on time and weather

  // SCHEDULE TO BE CUSTOMIZED FOR BUILDING

  IF TimeOfDay >= 14 AND TimeOfDay <= 18 THEN

    PredictedLoad = HIGH

    MinimumRuntime = 900

  ELSE

    PredictedLoad = NORMAL

    MinimumRuntime = 600

  END_IF

  

END_FUNCTION

 

5. Building Integration and Optimization

⚠️ BUILDING-SPECIFIC CUSTOMIZATION REQUIRED

Building-Wide Load Management - CONCEPTUAL:

FUNCTION BuildingOptimization():

  

  // Calculate building load factor

  // COMMUNICATION SYSTEM TO BE IMPLEMENTED

  ActiveCoolingUnits = CountActiveUnits()

  TotalUnits = GetTotalUnits()

  BuildingLoadFactor = ActiveCoolingUnits / TotalUnits

  

  // Adjust control parameters based on building load

  // FACTORS TO BE FIELD OPTIMIZED

  IF BuildingLoadFactor > 0.8 THEN

    LocalCoolingDeadband = CoolingDeadband * 0.9

    MinimumRuntime = 600

    

  ELSIF BuildingLoadFactor < 0.3 THEN

    LocalCoolingDeadband = CoolingDeadband * 1.1

    MinimumRuntime = 900

    

  ELSE

    LocalCoolingDeadband = CoolingDeadband

    MinimumRuntime = 600

    

  END_IF

  

  // Coordinate with building pump control

  // INTERFACE TO BE DESIGNED FOR SPECIFIC SYSTEM

  IF BuildingPumpVFD_Available = TRUE THEN

    TotalBuildingFlow = SUM(AllUnitFlows)

    PumpSpeedCommand = FlowController(TotalBuildingFlow, DesiredBuildingFlow)

    

    // Communication method to be determined

    ModbusWrite(PumpSpeedRegister, PumpSpeedCommand)

  END_IF

  

END_FUNCTION

 

Energy Calculation and Reporting - ESTIMATES ONLY:

FUNCTION EnergyCalculation():

  

  // Calculate instantaneous energy usage

  // VALUES TO BE MEASURED AND CALIBRATED

  IF CurrentState = BYPASS_COOLING THEN

    CurrentEnergyUsage = BypassEnergyUsage

  ELSE

    CurrentEnergyUsage = NormalEnergyUsage

  END_IF

  

  // Accumulate daily energy totals

  DailyEnergyTotal += CurrentEnergyUsage

  

  // Calculate energy savings - ESTIMATES ONLY

  EstimatedNormalUsage = NormalEnergyUsage * 1440

  DailyEnergySavings = EstimatedNormalUsage - DailyEnergyTotal

  

  // Calculate efficiency metrics

  IF DailyEnergyTotal > 0 THEN

    EfficiencyRatio = DailyEnergySavings / EstimatedNormalUsage * 100

  ELSE

    EfficiencyRatio = 0

  END_IF

  

END_FUNCTION

 

6. Communication and Data Management

⚠️ SYSTEM-SPECIFIC IMPLEMENTATION REQUIRED

BACnet Communication - EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION:

// BACnet object definitions - CONCEPTUAL

BACnetObject AnalogInput_RoomTemp:

  ObjectIdentifier = (ANALOG_INPUT, 1)

  ObjectName = "Room Temperature"

  PresentValue = FilteredTemp

  Units = DEGREES_FAHRENHEIT

  

BACnetObject AnalogValue_CoolingSetpoint:

  ObjectIdentifier = (ANALOG_VALUE, 1)

  ObjectName = "Cooling Setpoint"

  PresentValue = CoolingSetpoint

  Units = DEGREES_FAHRENHEIT

  

BACnetObject MultiStateInput_SystemState:

  ObjectIdentifier = (MULTI_STATE_INPUT, 1)

  ObjectName = "System State"

  PresentValue = CurrentState

  StateText = ["Startup", "Normal Cooling", "Bypass Cooling", 

               "Transition to Bypass", "Transition to Normal", 

               "Fault", "Manual Override"]

  

BACnetObject AnalogOutput_ValvePosition:

  ObjectIdentifier = (ANALOG_OUTPUT, 1)

  ObjectName = "Valve Position"

  PresentValue = ValvePosition

  Units = PERCENT

  

BACnetObject BinaryValue_BypassEnable:

  ObjectIdentifier = (BINARY_VALUE, 1)

  ObjectName = "Bypass Enable"

  PresentValue = BypassEnabled

 

Modbus RTU Communication - EXAMPLE MAPPING:

// Modbus register mapping - SYSTEM SPECIFIC

ModbusRegister[40001] = FilteredTemp * 10      // 0.1°F resolution

ModbusRegister[40002] = CoolingSetpoint * 10   // 0.1°F resolution

ModbusRegister[40003] = CurrentState           // State number

ModbusRegister[40004] = ValvePosition * 10     // 0.1% resolution

ModbusRegister[40005] = FlowRate * 10          // 0.1 GPM resolution

ModbusRegister[40006] = BypassEnabled          // Boolean

ModbusRegister[40007] = SystemFault            // Boolean

ModbusRegister[40008] = DailyEnergySavings     // kWh

 

Data Logging System - CONCEPTUAL:

FUNCTION DataLogging():

  

  // Continuous data logging every minute

  IF Second = 0 THEN  // Top of each minute

    

    LogRecord.Timestamp = SystemTime

    LogRecord.RoomTemperature = FilteredTemp

    LogRecord.CoolingSetpoint = CoolingSetpoint

    LogRecord.SystemState = CurrentState

    LogRecord.ValvePosition = ValvePosition

    LogRecord.FlowRate = FlowRate

    LogRecord.EnergyUsage = CurrentEnergyUsage

    LogRecord.BypassEnabled = BypassEnabled

    LogRecord.SystemFault = SystemFault

    

    // Write to log buffer

    WriteLogRecord(LogRecord)

    

    // Manage log buffer size

    // STORAGE CAPACITY TO BE DETERMINED

    IF LogBuffer.Count > 10080 THEN  // 1 week of minute data

      ArchiveOldestRecord()

      DeleteOldestRecord()

    END_IF

    

  END_IF

  

END_FUNCTION

 

7. User Interface and Diagnostics

⚠️ INTERFACE DESIGN TO BE CUSTOMIZED

Display System - CONCEPTUAL:

FUNCTION UpdateDisplay():

  

  // Main display screen - LAYOUT TO BE DESIGNED

  Display.Line1 = "Room: " + FormatTemp(FilteredTemp) + "°F"

  Display.Line2 = "Setpoint: " + FormatTemp(CoolingSetpoint) + "°F"

  Display.Line3 = "State: " + StateNames[CurrentState]

  Display.Line4 = "Valve: " + FormatPercent(ValvePosition) + "%"

  

  // Status indicators - HARDWARE SPECIFIC

  LED_Normal = (CurrentState = NORMAL_COOLING)

  LED_Bypass = (CurrentState = BYPASS_COOLING)

  LED_Fault = (SystemFault = TRUE)

  LED_Manual = (ManualOverride = TRUE)

  

  // Energy savings display - VALUES TO BE CALIBRATED

  IF DailyEnergySavings > 0 THEN

    Display.Line5 = "Saved: " + FormatEnergy(DailyEnergySavings) + " kWh"

  ELSE

    Display.Line5 = "Cooling Active"

  END_IF

  

END_FUNCTION

 

Alarm Management - SYSTEM SPECIFIC:

STRUCT AlarmDefinition:

  STRING AlarmCode

  INT Priority  // 1=Critical, 2=Warning, 3=Info

  STRING Message

  BOOL Active

  DINT ActivationTime

END_STRUCT

 

// ALARM DEFINITIONS TO BE CUSTOMIZED

ARRAY[1..10] OF AlarmDefinition SystemAlarms = [

  {"TEMP_SENSOR", 1, "Temperature sensor fault", FALSE, 0},

  {"VALVE_FAULT", 1, "Valve position error", FALSE, 0},

  {"LOW_FLOW", 2, "Low water flow detected", FALSE, 0},

  {"HIGH_TEMP", 2, "Room temperature high", FALSE, 0},

  {"COMM_FAULT", 3, "Communication timeout", FALSE, 0},

  {"POWER_FAIL", 1, "Power supply fault", FALSE, 0},

  {"SENSOR_DRIFT", 2, "Sensor calibration drift", FALSE, 0},

  {"MANUAL_MODE", 3, "Manual override active", FALSE, 0},

  {"MAINTENANCE", 3, "Maintenance required", FALSE, 0},

  {"CONFIG_ERROR", 1, "Configuration error", FALSE, 0}

]

 

FUNCTION AlarmProcessing():

  

  FOR i = 1 TO 10 DO

    

    // Check alarm conditions - THRESHOLDS TO BE SET

    CASE SystemAlarms[i].AlarmCode:

      

      "TEMP_SENSOR":

        SystemAlarms[i].Active = (FaultCode = "TEMP_SENSOR_FAULT")

      

      "VALVE_FAULT":

        SystemAlarms[i].Active = (FaultCode = "VALVE_POSITION_FAULT")

      

      "LOW_FLOW":

        SystemAlarms[i].Active = (FaultCode = "LOW_FLOW_FAULT")

      

      "HIGH_TEMP":

        // THRESHOLD TO BE FIELD DETERMINED

        SystemAlarms[i].Active = (FilteredTemp > CoolingSetpoint + 5.0)

      

      "COMM_FAULT":

        SystemAlarms[i].Active = (FaultCode = "COMMUNICATION_FAULT")

      

      "MANUAL_MODE":

        SystemAlarms[i].Active = (ManualOverride = TRUE)

      

    END_CASE

    

    // Process alarm activation

    IF SystemAlarms[i].Active AND SystemAlarms[i].ActivationTime = 0 THEN

      SystemAlarms[i].ActivationTime = SystemTime

      

      // Take action based on priority

      // NOTIFICATION SYSTEM TO BE IMPLEMENTED

      CASE SystemAlarms[i].Priority:

        1:  //

 

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